The author’s surname must be written in capital letters and the initial of the first name must be indicated, preceding the surname. Multiple authors of the same work are separated by a comma (e.g.: S. Zunarelli, M.M. Comenale Pinto, Manuale di diritto della navigazione e dei trasporti, Padova, 2016; A. Lefebvre D’Ovidio, G. Pescatore, L. Tullio, Manuale di diritto della navigazione, Milano, 2016). After the surname, a comma is inserted, followed by the title of the work in italics. After the title, separated by commas, the following elements must be indicated: the volume or tome number (in Roman numerals, without “vol.” or “tome”), the city of the publisher, the year of publication, and the page number preceded by “p.” (e.g.: M. Libertini, Diritto della concorrenza dell’Unione Europea, Milano, 2014, p. 84; G. Ripert, Droit Maritime, I, Paris, 1952).

For works included in series, commentaries, or treatises, the indication of the series, commentary, or treatise must be omitted.

For edited volumes, the title is preceded by the editor’s name (or, if missing, by “AA.VV.”), followed by the indication “(ed.)” in parentheses (eg.: F.G. Scoca (ed.), Diritto amministrativo, Torino, 2017; L. Tullio, M. Deiana (eds.), Codice dei trasporti, Milano, 2011; A. Giorgis, sub Art. 3, para. 2, in M. Celotto, R. Bifulco, A. Olivetti (eds.), Commentario alla Costituzione, I, Torino, 2006, p. 88 ff.).

For articles published in periodicals (journals, yearbooks, etc.), after the title in italics and a comma, the abbreviated name of the journal in italics follows, preceded by “in”. After the journal title, a comma is inserted and the year and the page cited, preceded by “p.”, are indicated, separated by a comma. Where applicable, the issue number of the journal must also be indicated (e.g.: P. DI PALMA, La liberalizzazione dei diritti di traffico per le compagnie comunitarie all’interno dell’Unione, in Rass. avv. Stato, no. 1, 2005, p. 9 ff.). If the journal is divided into parts, the relevant part must also be indicated. In some journals, columns rather than pages must be cited (e.g.: P. Grossi, Globalizzazione, diritto, scienza giuridica, in Foro it., 2002, V, c. 151 ff.).

For encyclopaedia entries, the volume must be indicated, followed by the city of publication and the year (es.: A. Sciolla Lagrange, voce Organizzazione dell’Aviazione Civile Internazionale (OACI), in Enc. giur. Treccani, XXV, Roma, 1990; F.G. Scoca, voce Attività amministrativa, in Enc. dir., Aggiornamento, VI, Milano, 2002, p. 75 ss.).  

For citations of works published in journals, encyclopaedias, edited volumes, etc., which require the exact identification of the opening page of the contribution, the first citation must also indicate the opening page of the work, followed (without “p.”, but possibly with “spec.”) by the page cited (e.g.: P. Di Palma, L’illegittimità costituzionale della legge regionale della Lombardia n. 29/07 sul trasporto aereo, in Rass. avv. Stato, no. 4, 2008, p. 234 ff., spec. 236).

The names of journals and encyclopaedias must be written in italics and abbreviated according to customary usage.

When the same work is cited more than once, subsequent citations after the first may be abbreviated by indicating “op. cit.” in italics after the author’s name (e.g.: S. Zunarelli, M.M. Comenale Pinto, op. cit., p. 12) if only one work by that author is cited. If several works by the same author are cited, the first word or part of the title must also be indicated, followed by “cit.” (e.g.: P. Di Palma, L’illegittimità costituzionale, cit., p. 235).

If an author is cited more than once in the same footnote with different works, in works subsequent to the first the author’s name and surname are replaced by “Id.” (e.g.: M.A. Sandulli, Il tempo del processo come bene della vita, in Dir. soc., no. 3, 2014, p. 561 ff.; Id., Sulle autorità indipendenti, in Foro amm./TAR, no. 2, 2008, p. 51 ss.).